In the time today of 2012, of all the years of TV internet Radio Publishing and the little media companies that have built the outstanding media sector we have today. You would be shocked to know exactly how many media companies there are out there today.
6.
Today only 6 companies controll what we watch, hear, read and anthing else we view through media. Here is a breakdown all what smaller companies have made up the ones who rule today.
GE/Comcast This company is built up with shares of networks such as NBC, Universal Pictures, Bravo the sci-fi channel and many others. GE own 80% of NBCUniversal however on january 2011 Comcast was granted a take-over of a majority share of NBC-Universal from General Electric but GE still have 48% of NBC Universal Pictures. GE also owns the comany Focus Features.
Comcast is the largest cable operator, home internet service provider but is only the third largest home telephone service provider in the United States.
News Incorporated News Corp is a company that is American corporation thats headquarters at in New York City. It is an amazing massive media corporation and is the second largest media group in the world.
News Corporation has holdings in publishing aswell with the huge book company HarperCollins. They also have holdings of Newspapers worldwide for example the "New York Post" and the Uks "SUN", the "Wall street Journal".
Disney Disney is the largest multinational mass media corporation. Disney was founded on October 16th 1923 by Walt and Roy Disney. The biggest part of this company is the film studios Walt Disney and is best known buy the studios based in Hollywood. The Boradcast TV network ABC is also owend by Disney along with ESPN Disney Channel , Pixar, Miramax, Marvel Studios and 14 theme parks around the world. Along with these companies come merchandising which will manage to make a massive amount.
Viacom
Viacom is short for "Video & Audio Communications" ia an american global comany and as of 2010 is was named the fourth most largest median comany. I would say Viacoms audience would be mainly to the younger generations as they have control over channels such as MTV, Nikelodeon, Nick junior and Paramount Pictures and many more. They also control quiet a few website that again are aimed at the younger generation with sites called Neopets and Addicting games.
TimeWarner Timewarner is the second biggest Media company with its main headquarters based in NewYork City. Timewarner has a lot of control over many age groups as they have many operations in film televisions and publishing. They have connections in CNN, Cartoon Network, Boomerang and the massive Warner Bros.
CBS CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) first started as a radio company. Its the second largest broadcasting company behind the BBC. CBS has control over the channels, Showtime, Jeopardy and 60 minutes.
TV has become one of the most influential forms of
popular media with a number of 98% of households in the UK having a TV and to
then half of them will have two TV's.
TV is split into two ownership's, Public and Private
Ownership.
The Public ownership is the British Broadcasting
Corporation (BBC) which is funded by the government with is known as the TV Licence.
As the BBC is government run they have to cater to the Public wants and
interests. For example the Public are able to complain and give feedback and
BBC will take in the feedback and make changes. Also if a certain show does not
receive many viewers the show will be cancelled and will not air anymore.
Because BBC is paid for buy the public there isn't any advertisements there for
no breaks in between the programme you are viewing. The advantage of Public ownerships is that as the BBC is run on the basis of what the public wants its shows are designed around them therefor you will get a wide variety of different shows to suit different people therefor you will get a huge mass amount of audiences tuning in to watch different shows that are targeted at them. The disadvantage is that more people are willing to subscribe to companies such as 'Virgin Media' and 'Sky' and would prefer to pay them money rather than pay for a TV license that only funds one Channel as the BBC. This may mean that the TV License has a good chance of being scrapped.
Private ownership is funded simply by advertising.
Therefore Private ownership's is more able satisfying the company shareholders
rather than the public’s interest. Private ownership defiantly had more varied
channel choices. You find with private that certain channels are only aimed at
one type of audience for example MTV is only aimed at an audience between the
ages of 16 - 24 therefor the advertisements on these channels would be
different from the adverts on a Discovery Channel. BBC however is targeted at
all types of audiences so the shows viewed on this channel will be more varied
and have different target audiences for every show. The big advantage of Private ownership is that as its run purely on advertising funds there are many companies desperate to advertise their products on TV as its now own of the most influential sources of Media today. This means that the more popular the shows and the channels the more money it will cost to advertise during these times and that means the more money the Channel will get to fund more shows. The disadvantage to private ownership is that as BBC is public owner before creating a new show they spend a lot of money on research to find out exactly what would be popular before even funding a show. However a private channel for example 'MTV' if they liked a show they could fund out without the input of the public and could be a total flop.
Sources of
Income
As the private ownership in TV isn't supported and funded by the TV license they have to have other ways to fund themselves. However there is many ways they get there income.
Advertising
Advertising is probably one of the biggest sources
of income for Media. On channels that allow advertise products and companies
will then pay money to advertise between shows. However different things are
advertised on different channels between different shows it’s all about who the
product is advertised to mostly. It costs more to advertise on after about 9
because this is prime time telly and tests have shown that more people are
watching TV at this time. Also popular shows that pull in the most ratings will
receive a bigger fee of the advertises as it is going to have more people
watching.
For example when Simon Cowell was looking to
advertise his new hit show X Factor USA he wanted to make sure many people watched his advertisement. During this time the American Super
bowl was going to air and would managed to get 100 million viewers. Simon Cowell then
paid 2.85 million dollars just for one advert in the break of the super bowl.
Product Placement
Product Placement is a type of advertising. It’s when
a certain product is placed in say, TV Shows, Films or music videos.
The owner of that product then pays to advertise there shows.
The very first product placement in the UK was on
28th of February 2011 on ITV's show 'This Morning'. It was this day that Ofcom
then began to allow product Placement to begin.
The deal was between ITV and Nescafe. Nescafe paid
£100,000 for a three month contract of displaying a Dolce Gusto machine that
was placed in the kitchen area in the studio.
People have expressed that maybe product placement has been taken to far. Many dedicated James Bond fans complained about the product placement in the film 'Skyfall'. During a scene in the film it showed James Bond drinking a bottle of 'Heineken' beer instead of his signature drink Vodka Martinis. Fans accused the Bond franchise of 'selling out' by changing a characters trademark in order to suit the highest bidder.
Competitions
Most shows hold competitions to gain more money.
People then apply by texting or ringing in the Phone lines which then costs the
applicant money to apply.
For example X Factor always holds competitions
throughout the series.
Also with Shows like 'X Factor' and 'I’m a
Celebrity' the public are able to ring up the show and vote for who they want
to stay or leave. To do this the public ring a certain phone line that costs
the public a fee each time they vote.
Film
·With Films there are many ways that they get their
funding;
·First is the Box Office of people paying Money to
go view the film in the Cinema.
·When the film is then released on DVD people with
then pay to buy this product.
·Also merchandising for the film releasing Calendars,
Posters, toys and other things.
·Renting the DVD from the Rental shops. DVD After a film has been released in the Cinemas a couple of months later the film is then release on DVD. Releasing films on DVD's can earn and gain alot of money however over the years it has been shown that more people are illegally downloading films and buying pirate copies therefore the Film companies have been missing out on money. With DVDs also comes Rental. Although its not as popular as it used to be you are still able to rent DVDs. There also sites online that you pay money to monthly and you are able to watch TV Shows and Movies. These site such as 'Netflixs' and 'Love Film' are very popular as people are using the internet more and more. The top selling DVD's of 2012 are;
1. 'The Hunger Games' sold 7,434,058 copies and which was $123,471,615. 2. 'Brave' sold 5,892,322 copies with a price of $98,773,131. 3. 'The Twilight Sage: Breaking Dawn Part 1, sold 5,492,021 which got them $99,396,571.
Merchandise As well as the DVD merchandise will also be sold to help promote the Movie. For an extremely popular movie merchandise will sell extremely well. For example 'The Twilight Sage' has a huge amount of products on sale for example;
Posters
T-Shirts
Bags
Jewelry
Dolls
Calenders
And many many more. All this will belong to 'Summit Entertainment' the film that has the rights to 'The Twilight Saga'. It has been added up that with just the merchandising along it has brought in over $395,000,000.
Box Office
Box Office is a place where tickets will be sold to the public for admission. In this case it would be when people pay money in Cinemas to see the new latest film releases.
Records are kept to determin's the popularity of each movie. However the Box Office is taken in different time spans. For example records are held for;
Daily Records (Film that made the most in 1 day.)
Weekend Records (Films that made the most in 1 weekend.)
Overall Record ( Overall Box Office the movie takes in.)
Worldwide James Cameron's movie 'Avatar' took in a massive amount of $2,782,275,172 overall whilst in the Cinemas.
Worldwide 'Harry Potter the Deathly Hallows Part 2' took in $483,189,427 on the opening weekend.
Again 'Harry Potter the Deathly Hallows Part 2' took the record taking in $91,071,119 in one single day.
Also when it comes to Cinemas there is also another way for funding. Even before you have paid for a movie and are ready to watch it you are then forced to witness 15 minutes worth of adverts. Companies will pay more to adverts before a film that is popular.
Sponsorship's
When a company Sponsors something it’s when one
company is advertised before the show and its their main advertiser. When you
think of a certain show you instantly know who sponsors it because it’s a huge
part of the advertising for the show. A good example of sponsorship is 'X
Factor' when I think of this show i know instantly that the brand 'Talk Talk'
advertise it.
If you are a company wanting to advertise yourself you would want to sponsor a show that is found to be popular with the public. 'X Factor' is one of the most watch talent shows on UK television so sponsoring this show means you are going to be viewed by a huge audience. 'Talk Talk' have arranged a three year deal with 'X Factor' that has been told to cost over £20 million.
Downloads The internet has really taken off and people are choosing to do thing through the internet more. For example watch movies listen to songs and now to Download. Instead of going out and buy and album you can now go online and buy a whole album and even just buying one song in particular. The site 'ITunes' is one of the most popular site that enables you to download music. It also enables you to see what the most popular single/album is in almost every country. You are also able to download Movies right onto your phone for s certain price. 'ITunes' is popular because it is cheaper to buy them online as when buying from a shop the price is more to cover the price of the packaging of the Album.
Franchising or Format When a show is created it will have a certain format. The format is the overall idea and concept that makes up the show. You can find common formats in game shows that would include contestants. When creating a show idea you could then sell on that show idea to other countries and that show will then be known as a Franchise. A really good example of Franchising is 'Britain's Got Talent.' This is a talent show where auditions are held for the public to perform there talents. Eventually the contests are narrowed down and the favorites are voted to win by the public in live shows. The winner is then given money and a chance to perfom at the 'Royal Variety Show'. The whole idea of a 'Got Talent' is a British television format that was conceived and is owned by Simon Cowells TV Company 'SYCO'. It then moved to USA and 'Americas got Talent' started. This was the first series of the format to air as the British version was postponed. As both shows became popular Simon Cowell then sold the format on and there is now 39 spin-offs in 39 countries. These are then known as franchises. Other franchises have known to be popular for example, 'Weakest Link', 'Idol', 'Who wants to be a Millionaire' and 'Dancing with the stars' but the format 'Got Talent' is on of the biggest international franchises.
TV Subscriptions
TV subscriptions are Cable companies that you subscribe to and pay a fee every month to view certain channels that you wouldn't get on free view. Companies such as 'Sky' and 'Virgin' offer TV packages to persuade the public to subscribe to them. The shows you would usually find on these packages are 'MTV', 'FX' 'Comedy Central' and many more. Subscription TV has become extremely popular in the UK having most homes subscribed to a company.
Since Subscription TV has come about Networks are making more shows purposely so that it will influence the viewers to subscribe These show usually contain violence, profanity and nudity therefor before each show they have to notify the audience of the shows rating. You can find a good example of this on the show 'Geordie Shore' which is from the channel 'MTV'.
Creative Media is one of the massive industrys out there. Its made of of 9 different secctors all together. Creative Media is a massive part of the publics life and they probably dont even know it. Wether its somebody waking up and reading the paper, listeing to the radio or watching the TV all this happens because of Creative Media.
First of all there is 9 sectors in Creative Media;
Publishing
TV
Advertising
Interactive Media
Film
Animation
Games
Photoimaging
Radio
Publishing
Publishing is a massive industry made up with variouse different sections for example, Books, Magazines, Journals, News and many more. Some people may be suprised but Publishing happens to be the highest earner of the Creative Media sector in the UK. It also has the highest employers in the UK with a massive number of 200,000 wich represents about 36% of the whole Creative Media Sector.
When working in Publishing it is key that you have good team working skills as there is many aspects and different roles that come with working in Publishing for example you need to know exactly what the customer wants and who your target audience is.
TV Television is one of the most popular forms of entertainment in the creative media industry. It has been known that the average person watches twenty hours or more during the week and that 98% of the UK own a TV. However internet and the interactive media has grown rapidly and people are being able to view TV on computers and also on thier phones.
TV in the UK is mostly sominated by the majoy broadcasters and big production companies for example, Channel 4, ITV and BBC. TV is the second highest employer number in the Creative Media Sector with a number of 58,000.
Their is a massive variety of jobs that needs to be done when it comes to TV for example Production, Sales, Fianance and IT.
Photo Imaging The Wholeo of the Photo Imaging industry consists of about 8,700 companies however a two thirds of that consist of just freelancing or sole tradings. The other third can then be split up into 5 catorgries:
Image producers (including laboratories and minilabs)
Photo retail
Picture libraries and agencies
Manufacturers
Support services (e.g. equipment hire and repair)
The industry for Photo Imaging has a employee number of 44,000 in the UK.
Interactive Media The lines between each sector in Interactive Media have become very blurred and is hard to distinguish each sector from another. The fast pace oif change makes it hard to define what exactly interactive media is however it is worth several billion pounds anualy just in the UK.
There are many jobs in the Interactive Media sector including;
Designer (Web)
Developed
Producer
Production Managager
And much much more.
In the UK only The interactive Media sector creats 40,000 employers.
Film The Film in the creative Media sector is constantly changing and evolving with the needs and wants of what the public want to watch and see. With Film if the Public dont watch the Films made then that particular Film is a fail.
Most people think that a Film would make most of its money buy the release in Cinema however over half the revenues of the industry in the UK come from when the Film is released on DVD or on a rental. The film industry divides itself into five sectors:
Development - the writing, packaging and financing of film ideas and scripts.
Production - the process of setting up and shooting every scene in a film.
Post Production - where all these shots are assembled, treated and mixed into a finished product.
Distribution - the process of selling this product to audiences, via the cinemas, retailers and rental firms.
Exhibition - the cinemas which screen the film for the general public.
Film has a number of 27,800 employers in the UK.
Animation Animation can be stretched throughout many other different Sectors for example Film, TV, Websites and Video Games. In the UK Animations has a number of 4,700 employers in the UK. Although Animation is a small sector in the Media it is however growing and more popular.
The Animation Sector can be roughly divided into four main disciplines:
2D drawn or traditional;
2D computer generated
stop frame; and
3D computer generated.
Games In the UK Games is becoming a big part of the Media Sector and is gaining more importance. When it comes to Games the sales numbers have been hiting thier highest and breaking records in sales of entertainment Products.
Its found that the number of women working in the Games industry is very low with a 6% compared to the 47% in the whle economny. Its also found that most are young workers as games is mostly targeted at a young audience now therefor they will know more what the public wants. Games has a number of 10,000 enployers in the UK.
Photoimaging The Photoimaging companies are based up with 8,700 companies with two thirds os which are made up of freelance photograpthers.The workforce is older than that of the audio visual industries as a whole, with an average age of 42. However this is similar to the age profile of the wider economy. Photoimaging empolys a number of 44,000 employer in the UK.
Radio
Radio is one of the Media sectors that could be seriously under threat as more people are watching Tv and playing on Computers that listening to their Radio. However the threat looming many people are sensing a dramatic and exciting change in the Radio sector.
These operators fall into three broad categories: publicly-funded radio, commercial radio and the community and voluntary radio sector - from well-established student and hospital radio to the most recently licensed community radio stations.
